My company’s office building is located in the heart of downtown Anchorage. This shimmering, golden beacon of American capitalism seems to cast a shadow over the Downtown Transit Center and its transient residents. Many are drunk and high; many are homeless and hopeless. Some even sell their bodies either for a quick fix or as a means of survival. They spend their dark days on the cold streets of Anchorage.

Now that the sun is starting to come out for more than just a few hours, I’ve started taking walks during my lunch break like I used to during my summer internship. What amazes me is that the Transit Center’s population during the winter is nearly the same as the summer. Except now, the Transit Center is used as a brief respite of warmth before chasing the rest of a nomadic day.

It’s worth noting that a staggering percentage of these transients are Alaska natives and their descendants. These people are trying to assimilate into American society, but despite living in the second wealthiest state in the US, can find virtually no economic opportunities here for them. It’s easy to point to cultural differences as an explanation for the rampant violence, substance abuse, and self-destructive tendencies, but in reality, like most things in America, it all comes down to money. Naturally, oil and gas is the primary industry here, which requires a great deal of education and specialization. People like me are brought in from the outside to fill these white-collar opportunities. A strong upper class is created, while the rest are detained to a life of abject poverty in a state with an exceedingly high cost of living.

Social change is a process that takes a significant amount of time and pressure, much like the geologic processes that lead to the formation of oil. Major production began in Alaska in the late 1970s, and an entire generation has already come to know degrading impoverishment of Alaska’s great economic divide. My company has made substantial donations towards helping the natives, but the American notion of throwing money at a problem fails to be a viable solution in this case.

This past May on one of the first days of my summer internship, a stranger in the elevator warned me about the transients. Using derogatory terms, he implied that these natives are a worthless people. Why can’t they just act right, he wondered aloud. I remember being horrified. To think that in the year 2013 in the United States the notion of second-class citizens could still exist was disgusting to me. Until that point I knew nothing about the Alaska natives or the social issues that plague them, and I suspect that most people simply don’t either.

I often see people go out of their way, often by walking on the other side of the street, to avoid making any sort of contact with the transients when they pass by them on their way for coffee or lunch, and I think that’s a significant part of the problem. Rather than politely denying their requests or even acknowledging their existence, it’s easier to just avoid them altogether, which is simply dehumanizing. The transients are long forgotten as employees walk past them to the parking lot. Downtown isn’t our home.

During my internship, I didn’t have a car. I had one more semester awaiting me in Texas, and I would have to pay tuition, rent, and living expenses completely out of pocket, because I didn’t have enough financial aid to cover my second degree. Despite the sizable checks coming from my work, I had to save every single cent that I could to make ends meet. Without the option of being gouged by a rental car company, I relied on the bus as my sole method of transportation. That’s not to say that I was without privilege. My employee badge allowed me to ride the bus for free.

Whenever a rider would get on the bus, they would either feed money into the designated slot or slide their bus pass across the face of the machine. A loud beep would resonate throughout the bus, signaling their entrance. When I got on the bus, I simply showed the driver my badge and entered, and they would have to manually enter a code. Honestly, I felt guilty about it at first. It was as if it were some underhanded deal. Why should I who could afford the fare ride for free? I received a lot of dirty looks from the patrons as well, I assume because donning my business clothes on the bus was insulting to them. Maybe it's the same look that button-downs would give someone in their office wearing street clothes. I didn’t see many corporate employees riding the bus, mostly just laborers in tattered work clothes. I grew accustomed to it, because I didn’t have the option to avoid it. Eventually, I became a regular, and the faces all became familiar. Now, when I take my strolls downtown, I see the value in sharing the sidewalk.

On my walk today, I saw a mural proclaiming that life on the street is a dead end. After that, I saw three young people hitting a crack pipe in a nearby alley. I couldn’t help but think that the message wasn’t lost on them, rather it was worthless to them. It’s easy to talk about change and opportunity, but what can they really do when their future was predestined by the socioeconomic circumstances that they were born into?

Sometimes, we all need to ride the bus. We all need to spend some time at the Transit Center. We need to remember that when homeless people approach asking for change, they don't just need the money in your pocket.

On Saturday night, I handed in my last final exam. Honestly, it was an extremely anticlimactic ending. The final had no bearing on my graduation or GPA for that matter, so it wasn't really the concluding push that I envisioned being the end of my undergraduate stay. After a brief test, I said to my professor, "終わりですね..." and stole away into the chilly evening.

I spent some time walking around the campus and reminiscing about fond memories from the past five years. So many little things have changed, but so much remains static. It still hasn't fully sunk in that I've graduated yet, but I know that when it hits, I'll spend a lot of time thinking back to that cold stroll.

Now more than ever I think about the Transit Center. Just four months ago I was torn between Anchorage and Austin. Once again, I'm pushing myself to the limit: returning to the city in the dead of Alaskan winter. The first three months that I spent in Alaska were filled with their own trials and tribulations, but this time, I know that nothing can prepare me for that moment when that plane lands. Now, during this awkward gray area between graduation and starting my job, I'm trying to prepare myself both physically and mentally for my return to the Last Frontier.

I still have a thick scar on my thigh from Flattop Mountain, probably my favorite souvenir from Anchorage. Climbing Flattop is considered amateur to native Alaskans, but by taking the road less traveled without adequate footwear, I managed to suffer quite a few falls. In any case, everyone needs to be taken down a notch now and then. Whenever I feel the scar tissue now, I think back to how I lived during the last week of my internship. Everyday after work was a new adventure. The day after Flattop, I crossed a glacial stream barefoot. I crammed as much adventure as I could into those short hours. For the first time, I felt truly alive. That's how I want to live the rest of my life.

I haven't opened up to many people about why I'm going back. In fact, if you talked with me early in the summer, I probably told you how awful I found it to be. Alaska certainly takes its toll on the mind, but at the same time I've never felt so connected to a place before. The natural beauty that I imbibed there evoked a sense of naturalistic wonder that transcends language or photography. After I left, I thought nonstop about going back. With the help of some close friends an opportunity 'opened up' for me, and I'm happy to be returning for five more months.

When I think about life itself now, I always think of the day that I climbed Flattop. People from all over the world visit it to see a clear view of Anchorage and the port. It just so happened that the day I went, the mountain was beset by gray clouds on all sides. Despite this accomplishment of reaching the peak, I was still greatly limited in how far ahead that I could actually see. I suppose I thought that finishing my university studies would give me a great sense of clarity in regards to where my life will take me. I still feel lost in the fog even now that I've graduated, but I've come to accept it.

Most of the incredible experiences in my life I attribute to sheer chance, whether it be a change of major or a friend that grows to be a lover. There is always risk in living by chance. Sometimes you'll stumble, but even in success, you may still find yourself surrounded by the unknown. Let your life be ruled by these once-in-a-lifetime encounters. Wounds heal, but experience lasts forever.

My blog is nearing its first anniversary. Admittedly, I have failed to maintain it as I would have liked to over the past year. My instinctive response is to attribute this to a lack of time. As my college graduation swiftly draws near, I've been obsessed with the notion of time lately. With classes, work, side projects, and graduation rituals at hand, I find myself constantly thinking that there's just not enough time in one day. Not to mention that my exercise routine, Japanese studies, and myriad of other hobbies have suffered as well. Inevitably, there isn't enough time to do everything, but as I found myself updating my old articles about Japanese study, I realized that what I was trying to teach others about language study I should be applying to my own daily life.

A year ago, I was a Japanese major dissatisfied with the structure of my university's program. A student nearing the end and far cry from fluency. But in this harsh climate, my devotion blossomed. I was motivated and passionate and on the cusp of discovery. I decided that the only way I would ever become proficient at Japanese would be through rigorous self-study and began immediately. In addition to this process, I also sought to write about my experience, so that others in my position could learn from my successes and failures. I started by deriving what I perceived to be the steps to achieving fluency. The guide is loose and ambiguous, but served its purpose as an abstract template for my studies. Pulling from numerous resources, I developed a strict regimen with monumental results. In November of 2012, I delved into this process and began writing a lengthy guide about my journey.

Over the course of six months, I was able to learn how to write and the English meanings for the 2,200 jōyō kanji (commonly used Chinese characters) and vastly expand my knowledge of intermediate and advanced grammar and diction. While this is an impressive feat, I'm certainly not implying that I'm by any means smarter than the average person. Instead of raw intellect, I was able to accomplish this through sheer determination and an effective routine.

Think about what you've done today. Sure, you've probably attended class or gone to work all day, but think about the time that you may have wasted in between. What if instead of spending those fifteen minutes after lunch or class mindlessly browsing the internet or reading social media feeds, you did something that you truly enjoy and stand to benefit from? What if you tried achieving your life goals in increments of fifteen minutes? That's exactly how I did it. I replaced the mind-numbing consumption of bland Facebook statuses and trite internet humor with constant language practice. I shuffled through flashcards instead of statuses or tweets and read news in Japanese instead of English. I used my phone and computer in Japanese in order to make myself constantly see the language. With this mindset, finding an hour or two everyday to study everyday wasn't nearly as difficult as it seemed to be at first. For those six months, I was as submerged in Japanese culture as a busy computer science student thousands of miles away from Japan could be. My only regret was stopping after those six months. I cannot stress enough the value of immersing yourself in your passions.

The Twitter Generation wants knowledge in bite-sized, concise servings. Because of this mentality, we often lack the dedication to read a novel as opposed to the synopsis. We also seem to enjoy discussing the possibilities more than making them reality. With this being said, we are afforded a wealth of interactive learning tools that previous generations never even dreamt of. I attribute my accomplishments as much to the digital wonders of today as I do to my own hard labor. Use living in the Information Age to its fullest potential.

I've been using Japanese study as an extended example, and you may have absolutely no interest in it. That's perfectly fine, but I'm sure that there's something that you want to learn or do that requires an equivocal amount of toil. I challenge you to push yourself to achieve it. It won't be easy, and at times, you may want to give up. However, the journey is every bit as important as the ending. If you can't find pleasure in your struggles, then I urge you to question your reasoning. Be sure to keep the endeavor fun or you'll burn out quickly.

Comparing my Japanese studies over the last year with my largely unsuccessful studies during the two years prior to that, I can't help but feel like I've wasted too much time. Lately, I keep catching myself daydreaming of where I could be now if I had discovered how to learn like this much earlier on. Of course, the glaring fault of this is that I'm still wasting time thinking about it. It's never too late to get started.

As thankful as I am to have studied at a top-tier institution like the University of Texas, I have to question the driving force behind my alma mater: research or education? At such a university, a great deal of responsibility is placed on the student's ability to learn independently, something that was never properly instilled during my high school years. Honestly, it wasn't until my fourth year of college that I felt like I knew how to learn.

Despite this, everything I needed to know about computer science I learned during my first year of college. As a freshman computer science student, I took programming and logic courses. In the programming courses, I learned how to approach general problems using basic algorithms. In the logic courses, I was taught how to reason and develop proofs and theories. I understood the content of the classes, but their implications were lost on me. Nearly any technology field can be reduced to programming, logic, and mathematics. With these fundamental concepts at hand, I had the ability to learn web development or graphics or nearly anything during my first year of college, but I wouldn't realize this for some time. The only true failure is not even trying.

For the majority of my college career, I had the mindset that certain concepts and skills were out of my reach. I was trapped in the mentality that you can only learn what you are taught in class, and there were serious implications to this fallacy. Because of this, I never strove to create or learn much outside of the scope of my coursework. It wasn't until I started deconstructing seemingly complex tools and concepts into simpler, digestible steps that I felt like I could grow not only as a computer scientist but as an individual. Don't shy away from what you don't understand, because it's often not as intricate as you think.

Computer science is based on inherent laziness. Software in general is designed to make life easier by automating tasks and repetition. Effective software design is based on modularization and reuse, ultimately minimizing the amount of work that needs to be done. One day, we as developers will replace ourselves with software that itself creates software, and there will be nothing to be done. But yet again, I seemed to have been oblivious to the obvious. I taught myself discipline and effective learning practices, but only applied them to Japanese. Learning how to learn is an abstract and unique concept that can be applied to any field of study.

I've spent the last week or slowly piecing together my thoughts about what I wanted to pass on from my college experience. I've been adding and removing passages from here in an effort to keep this relatively coherent. Now, graduation lies less than one month away. Most of my classmates seem complacent with their academic accomplishments, but I finally feel at peace knowing that my education has only just begun. I've spent this semester stuck on my preconceived notion that true learning ends when school does. This week I started following my own advice again; living like I did nearly a year ago. Getting back into the routine. For now, I'll be that person at the gym flipping through hundreds of kanji flashcards in between sets of weightlifting. Trying to make sense of hosts speeding through complex dialogues on Japanese news stations while I ride the bus to campus. Squeezing in lines of code on my personal website and an iOS app in between classes. Reading up on photography and graphic design over lunch. Documenting the journey. I think it's the perfect way to end one era of my life and start another: achieving my life goals fifteen minutes at a time.

Cold air fills my lungs as I inhale deeply and behold this marvel of geologic time. I feel introspective and insignificant as I imagine my short life span juxtaposed with this ancient, undefiled landscape. I try my best to take a mental snapshot of this moment near the peak, knowing fully well that nothing can ever recreate this moment. Gazing down over the untrodden path that led me here. Imbibing water to replace the icy sweat now soaking my clothes. Savoring a brief reprieve from a steep journey. Noting some clever metaphor. Solving the profound, metaphysical intricacies of life.

My expectations of Alaska were highly romanticized to say the least. In my mind, Alaska was where I would figure everything out: love, career, happiness, and meaning. Many of my preconceived notions were wrong, and truthfully, they nearly ruined my experience. It wasn’t until the end of my stay that I learned to appreciate and grow from my time in Anchorage. It’s easy to share some hollow pictures to convey your experience, but it’s much harder to share how it changed you. Maybe that’s why I’ve been putting this off for a while.

Nothing could have prepared me for the moment that I landed in Anchorage. Reality set in that I was now 4,130 miles from home and not returning anytime soon. Upon exiting the airport, I was greeted by a brisk wind and the soft midnight sunlight. I remember that first night laying in bed asking myself over and over again, “What the hell have I done?”

The first week was one of the longest of my life. With no means of transportation and the house to myself, I had to find various ways to cope with the isolation, loneliness, and boredom. I spent much of that week walking around Anchorage, often seduced by the mountains. The mountains were one of the few things that held true about Alaska. I remember the morning after my flight sitting inside a Burger King for a long time just staring off at the scenery, amazed at how it could transform such a mundane place. I told myself that once the mountains stopped looking so majestic, it would be time for me to leave. By the third week, I stopped noticing them altogether.

A few days after I arrived, my other roommate and fellow intern Jordan showed up at the house. From the look on his face, I could tell that he shared my “now what do we do?” sentiment. I was very grateful for the companionship, knowing that he was going through exactly what I was going through. Things wouldn’t change right away though. Even after we assured each other that things would pick up once work started, they wouldn’t for some time.

As with any internship, work started off painfully slow. I desperately tried to fill my time with projects both to get work experience and keep my mind occupied. For those first couple of weeks, I would find myself feeling hopeless as I counted my days remaining in Anchorage. The calendar reminded me of how far I had to go, and the mountains reminded me of how isolated I was.

After work everyday, Jordan and I would walk to the Transit Center, a low-income blip in the midst of corporate Anchorage. I often saw people in business clothes cross the street to avoid walking next to the bus riders. Most of the people here were Natives donning frayed jeans and work shirts. Some were inebriated. Some were using drugs. Some were even soliciting themselves. Most of them were bussing home from work just like me. Most of them were assimilating, or at least trying to. The Transit Center was just one stop on a journey. Some were heading uptown, but most were heading downtown.

When my father was in high school, he picked cotton in his family’s field. When I was fourteen, I was writing programs. As one of fourteen children, my father never had a chance at going to college. I’m finishing up two degrees. People forget that that kind of mobility in one generation is rare and not based solely on hard work. I spent long days and nights to get where I am, but I can’t deny the factor of environment. There are people with cars, and there are people who have to wait at the Transit Center.

The bus rides home surprisingly made me feel at home. In Austin, I didn’t have a car for my first few years of college, so I was no stranger to public transportation. Also, downtown Anchorage is not unlike downtown Austin. There was a surprisingly large population of young people and transients that often populated the buses. Riding the bus reminded me of class warfare. Although ConocoPhillips pays the bus company to allow their employees to ride for free, I never saw any on the bus. The bus was a symbol of the tension between rich and poor, oil and not-oil. Jordan and I were ambassadors to both sides; both poor college students and corporate employees. I often debated which was my real skin. Was it the tattered concert tee and flip-flops or the business casual button-down? In any case, on the days where we went to the gym after work, I felt substantially less noticed wearing my street clothes.

I stayed up late many nights in Anchorage, often unintentionally. It was common to watch a movie or talk about life and philosophy with my roommates for a while. The days dragged on, but the nights went by very quickly. With the sun still beaming at 10pm, it’s not hard to imagine losing track of time. I suffered from insomnia pretty badly at first. It wasn’t even so much seeing the sunlight, but feeling it. It was as if some vestigial structure in my body was beckoning me to stay awake. During those long, bright nights the mind wanders. Even when I was able to sleep, it was sporadic. I often found myself not being able to tell if I was actually awake or not.

Oil is the product of time and pressure. During those nights, that’s exactly what I had. The pressure of graduation and a long-distance relationship and the time to think about them fueled some potent night terrors.

I think many people shared in my sentiments of sleepless nights, namely those who hadn’t been there long. Alaska is truly a place of extremes: bright nights and dark days, affluence and poverty, mania and depression. During the summer, people are constantly doing outdoor activities as if powered by the sunlight. Most people go hiking or fishing multiple times per week after work. In Alaska, it’s imperative that you keep the mind occupied and the body tired.

My routine continued for some time. Hours turned to days; days to weeks; weeks to a month. Finally, at the start of July, I returned to Austin for a week. It was a pleasant reprieve. Although I feared that it would more or less ruin the progress I had made towards surviving my stay in Alaska, something was different when I returned to Anchorage. I’m not sure if it was my time in Austin or even just the fact that I had managed to make it a month already, but I had a new perspective on the experience. I wanted to make it count.

By the end of my internship, I realized that my homesickness, stress, and loneliness were truly a prison of the mind. I learned the value of friendship and human connections. I felt the power of self-reliance in overcoming such a great obstacle. I hiked mountains, held snow in June, saw unique wildlife, crossed a glacial stream barefoot, and touched the Arctic Ocean. I made close friends and learned a great deal about myself. Looking back, I could have taken a lot more out of the experience with the right mindset starting out, but truthfully, I wouldn’t change anything if I could go back.

It was an ongoing joke that Jordan and I weren’t allowed to watch Into the Wild. That it might just push us over the edge. I suggested that we watch it on our last night in Anchorage. We never got around to it, and that’s probably for the best.

I spent my last night with my closest friends in Anchorage right up until my red eye flight out. I never thought I’d be so sad to leave. I never thought I could build such good friendships and share in such an amazing experience there. I never thought I could change my mind about a place like that. I sat in the terminal waiting for my flight, contemplating my new lease on life. Torn between my friends I was leaving behind and my life in Austin, I felt something indescribable. Looking around at all the people on their own journeys, I thought once more of the Transit Center.

I finished the first thousand kanji recently, and I can honestly say that in addition to learning a slew of new characters, I learned a lot about my study habits as well. I wanted to share some of the knowledge I obtained along the way:

• Goals are good, deadlines are bad: When approaching the Heisig method, it's a great idea to have goals or at least a general idea of how many kanji per day you want to learn and how long it's going to take you to get through all 2200 kanji for common use. I decided that I wanted to finish the first 1000 characters by the first of January, and I made the mistake of turning a goal into a deadline. During finals time, I shirked my kanji studies in order to study for my classes, which was obviously the smart choice. However, after finals were over, I attempted to compensate for time lost, which did not go as well as planned. On one particular day, I added 100 characters, a mistake that I'm still paying for. I'm convinced that there's a magic number of kanji per day for everyone that works. It's good in theory to make up for lost ground, but if you have to spend a great deal of time afterwards reviewing and relearning what you've already covered, then you're really not saving any time.
• Always review before adding new kanji: There are going to be some days where you are too busy or simply need a break from learning kanji. I often found myself choosing between adding new characters or reviewing old ones in time crunches. I would say that for the most part, it is absolutely better to review than add during these times. When you're just starting out, reviewing all of the kanji that you've learned is easy, and it seems easy enough to remember them all. When you start having a lot of kanji to review, constantly refreshing your memory is crucial and equally time-consuming.
• If you are not in a studious mood, do not bother studying: I often found myself trying to force myself to study new kanji at 2am after a long night of homework. This is a horrible idea, and those are the characters that you're not going to remember. For me, there is an optimal time to study kanji, which is a couple of hours after I wake up. I want to make sure I'm (for lack of a better word) "in the zone" before I get started. Give it a shot, and you may find that there is a time that works best for you to study. If you're dead tired or simply not in the mood to deal with it, then don't. It's that simple.
• Go easy on yourself: Recently, I found myself getting really frustrated when I mixed up or forgot some kanji characters. It's highly unlikely by the time you finish the Heisig method that you'll remember every character perfectly. Remember that what you're attempting to learn is what Japanese people spend years learning in school. You will forget some, and that's absolutely fine. At the same time, it is important to hone in on these characters that you miss the most, and eventually, you will get them down.
• Keep it fun: This is always a difficult one for me. As a busy college student, I know that your free time is precious. I encourage you to make the most of it. Japanese is not all kanji, but it is crucial. Make sure that you're enjoying what you're doing, and reward yourself for trudging through the kanji for common use.

頑張って！

There is a wealth of tools, applications, and media available to facilitate the study of Japanese. It is truly amazing people managed to learn without them. The following is a list of these tools and brief description of how I integrate them into my personal studies.

Heisig's Remembering the Kanji (Volumes I and II)​

James Heisig's timeless method is a structured approach to learning kanji, the Chinese characters that are pervasive in written Japanese. Volume I guides students through a mapping process of Chinese characters to English meanings (for example 人 to person) using anecdotes to help students remember radicals, components of kanji, and stroke order. It is very important to note that this alone is not a perfect method of learning Japanese. There are many words that are comprised of kanji whose corresponding Heisig meanings make no sense whatsoever when combined. Not to mention that you can memorize all 2042 characters in the Heisig kanji for common use list and still be completely illiterate. This is where Volume II comes in. After (or simultaneously if you're particularly daring) a grueling trek through Volume I, Volume II revisits the same kanji, but this time gives the readings and example vocabulary along with them. While traversing this long process, your vocabulary and reading will become exponentially better. Upon completing this, you have not achieved fluency, rather a new beginning in your ability to learn new vocabulary at an accelerated pace.

Actually staying with the process is a challenge of its own. If you are fortunate enough to own an iOS device, there is an app available for around 10 USD, which is even less than the physical copy of Heisig's book. The app is nearly perfect, incorporating both volumes into a unified application that allows you to switch between them with the push of a button. Also included is a well-developed flashcard system that allows you to create study lists and promotes repeated practice. The pseudo-random order of the flashcards seems to be an algorithm that aims to review specific kanji at optimal times, usually based on common radicals or groupings. I can honestly say that if it weren't for this application, I likely would have dropped out of Heisig yet again.

If you don't have an iOS device, all is not lost. There is a free piece of software called Anki that offers flashcard review for Heisig. The beauty of Anki is its ability to easily find and download decks, which are crafted by its extremely dedicated community. There is also an Android (and iOS) version of Anki that allows you to sync your desktop flashcards to your mobile device. If the Anki flashcards are not enough to get you started, you can also purchase physical copies of Heisig's books via Amazon and other online retailers.

No matter how you do it, memorizing the kanji for common use simply cannot be avoided.

Feeds: Twitter Versus the News​

While trudging through Heisig, it is important to actually apply the kanji that you are memorizing. The best way to do this is to have constant and varied reading material. Any Japanese student knows that the Japanese we are taught in the classroom is extremely different than colloquial Japanese. When compiling a list of reading material, remember to have a rich mixture of formal language and vernacular.

The best news site that I've come across for Japanese reading and listening practice is the Fuji News Network. The format of the news is absolutely perfect. I cannot stress this enough. Find an article that sounds interesting and there is usually a video embedded on the page that has an anchor reading nearly the exact text below. Personally, I like to watch the video just to see what I can understand first. After that I translate the article, select key vocabulary, and watch the video again once or twice more to get down exactly what they're saying. This is amazing practice, because it offers excellent listening and reading practice simultaneously. Best of all, if you have no idea what they're saying, you can read the passage below and try again. This integrated reinforcement of listening and reading is a large part of my daily regiment. It's so simple, yet so powerful.

On the other hand, if you look at my Twitter feed, it's all young and famous Japanese people who barrage their followers with colloquialisms about the trials and tribulations of their day to day lives. While maybe not phrases or vernacular that I can use often, it offers a refreshing contrast to the seriousness of the news and helps me to be well-rounded in my reading.

The idea that I'm trying to convey here is that it's important to have a spectrum of reading material in order to expose yourself to a variety of vocabulary and grammar structures (whether they are appropriate or not).

Movies, Books, and Music​

...are hard to come by. Especially if you go about the legal channels. I found out early on in my studies that iTunes, Amazon, etc. require a Japanese credit card in order to purchase Japanese goods from their sites. While this is incredibly frustrating, there are many legal ways to enjoy Japanese media.

Grooveshark and J-Lyric​

While somewhat inconvenient if you're away from Wi-Fi or decent cellular coverage, Grooveshark offers an excellent selection of Japanese music to grace your ears with. The suggested artists are usually very helpful, and I have expanded my Japanese music library significantly because of this site. Spotify's and Pandora's Japanese music selection seems somewhat dated, but both are still a viable source of audio media.

J-Lyric.net is a pretty cool site simply because it provides the functionality that you would expect from any other Japanese site: the ability to interact with the text on the page. So far, it's the only lyric site that I've been able to use Rikaikun/Rikaichan (browser extensions that I will discuss later on) with.

Netflix and YouTube​

As it grows in popularity with its absurdly low prices, Netflix's selection keeps on improving, including its selection of Japanese films. While most of them are J-Horror movies that offer extremely gender-specific dialogue, it is a fun way to spend a couple hours and learn some new phrases.

You can find pretty much anything on YouTube, and dorama and PVs are no exception.

Japan the Beautiful and Myself​

In my humble opinion, Japanese literature is the most advanced and refined in the world. There is a world of quality Japanese literature, classic and contemporary, that is simply unmatched. After taking a Japanese literature class, I've developed quite a fascination with it, and I can tell you first hand that coming by literature in its original Japanese is often difficult or pricey. A lot of older short stories and poetry are sometimes available for free, but for the most part, it seems like you have to shell out the cash if you want the real thing. Short stories are a great place to start in terms of reading and translation, rather than delving into a full-fledged novel. My only caveat is that often the text is not copyable, which can make translating difficult without the proper tools.

Dictionary Tools​

Rikaikun and Rikaichan are two browser extensions for Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox respectively. Rather than wasting time copying and pasting text into an online dictionary, these two tools allow you to hover over text to provide meanings and readings for kanji compounds and other diction. You can also view single kanji, their meaning, and even their place in Heisig. The sheer amount of time that these tools save in translating is staggering, however, make sure that you don't use them as a crutch. As for which tool to choose, it should be noted that Rikaichan, the Firefox version, allows you to download a dictionary of names as well. Sadly, the Chrome version does not offer the same functionality. While I personally prefer Google Chrome as a browser, I often find my self using Firefox solely because of the names dictionary.

大辞林 (Daijirin) is a real Japanese dictionary app for Japanese people available for iOS. While the application is expensive, it provides extremely useful functionality for reading printed materials: the ability to draw a kanji rather than using radical-building tools, which can be slow and often difficult to use. This is definitely a tool for more advanced Japanese students, because the definitions are in Japanese as well.

Without the neatly defined classroom aspect the first couple of years of Japanese study, it may be unclear what you should be doing or even where to start. So, let me define a formal outline of how (in my humble opinion) one should approach Japanese literacy.

• Learn the kana (hiragana and katakana)
• Learn basic vocabulary and grammar structures
• Become adept at reading hiragana and katakana compounds
• Introduce yourself to very basic kanji
• Traverse through Heisig's Remembering the Kanji vol. I while increasing reading difficulty and adding more vocabulary
• Traverse through Heisig's Remembering the Kanji vol. II while increasing reading difficulty and adding more vocabulary
• Continue expanding vocabulary and reading material
• Literacy

From what I've personally seen on the internet, there seems to be a great deal of resources for achieving steps 1-4, which can be completed in a few months. However, I feel that steps 5-8 are where students (including myself) tend to stagnate, and there simply are not as many resources. Heisig's method is impeccable, but it's a process in and of itself. There is somewhat of an art to perfectly blending all aspects of Japanese study into a unified method. As a student beginning in step 5, I'm documenting my journey from here until fluency, both for myself and in the hopes that someone who is stuck where I was can benefit from my experience.

In the next series of posts, I address:

• How to use Heisig's method
• Indispensable tools and applications
• Sources of reading material and other Japanese media
• Integration and building a daily routine

Around a month ago, I began my second attempt at learning the 2042 Kanji for Common Use (常用漢字) using Heisig's method. It's a grueling, daunting, and equally rewarding task that measures dedication, creativity, ingenuity, and sheer memorization skills. While one may be able to become skilled at conversation without learning these characters and their corresponding readings, it is simply impossible to advance beyond elementary school reading without rigorous study of kanji. Despite having taken traditional Japanese classes for three years, I only know how to read around 300 characters strictly from what I learned in my classes. That leaves the vast majority for independent study. While classes are often grammar and vocabulary intensive, they simply do not emphasize kanji, ultimately yielding largely illiterate students.

When I was a second-year Japanese student, I attempted for the first time Heisig's Remembering the Kanji method, which seems to be widely accepted as the standard of independent Japanese students like myself for memorizing the kanji for common use. The physical book is available through online retailers like Amazon for around 20 USD. While the method at its core is timeless, relying on a physical book for kanji practice is obsolete. Through this strategy, I was offered comical anecdotes that were intended to aid in the memorization of combinations of radicals. However, for the sake of reviewing, one has to make either their own physical or digital flashcards. While Anki, a commonly used community-based flashcard program, offers some great decks to begin with, it was unable to keep my interest, and I eventually called it quits around 400.

For a long time, I drifted. I would search up song lyrics from some of my favorite Japanese bands and expand my vocabulary, but my kanji writing skills simply stagnated. For a while, I felt as though just by learning new words I was improving my kanji skills. However, I soon realized that I was misidentifying kanji, because I would only remember certain radicals. While this may allow one to improve reading to a degree, I found that I was constantly mixing up characters, if I could even remember them at all. It was from this period I developed a central theory of my kanji study:

If you cannot write a kanji character, then you cannot properly read it.

So what brought me back to Heisig's method? A goal, several iOS applications, a Google Chrome extension, and a new outlook on the learning process. Stay tuned for how technology can be used to increase learning exponentially, as well as my own personal Japanese learning set up.

頑張れ！